Chapter 1 - Operations Management - 1279 Words

1. Why should one study operations management? Operations Management is the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs. †¢ Operations Management is one of the three major functions of any organization, and it is generally related to all the other business functions. All organizations market (sell), finance (account), and produce (operate), and it is important to know how the Operations Management activity functions. Therefore, we study how people organize themselves for productive enterprise. †¢ We study Operations Management because we want to know how goods and services are produced. The production function is the segment of our society that creates the products we use. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Who is responsible for quality? (Chapter 6, 6 Supp.) †¢ Process and Capacity Design : What process and what capacity will these products require? (Chapter 7, 7 Supp.) †¢ Location : Where should we put the facility? On what criteria should we base the location decision? (Chapter 8) †¢ Layout Design : How should we arrange the facility? How large must the facility be to meet our plan? (Chapter 9) †¢ Human Resources and Job Design : How do we provide a reasonable work environment? How much can we expect our employees to produce? (Chapter 10, 10 Supp) †¢ Supply Chain Management : Should we make or buy this component? Who are our suppliers and who can integrate into our e-commerce programme? (Chapter 11, 11 Supp) †¢ Inventory, Material Requirements Planning, and JIT (Just-In-Time) : How much inventory of each item should we have? When do we reorder? (Chapter 12, 14, 16) †¢ Intermediate and Short-Term Scheduling : Are we better off keeping people on the payroll during slowdowns? Which job do we perform next? (Chapter 13, 15) †¢ Maintenance : Who is responsible for maintenance? When do we do maintenance? (Chapter 17) 8. Name four areas that are significant to improving labor productivity †¢ Basic Education appropriate for an effective labor force. (Basic reading and math skills) †¢ Diet - The labor force needs to eat right to be productive. †¢ Social overhead that makes labor available (water, sanitation, transportation, etc - The labor force needs toShow MoreRelatedChapter 1 - Operations Management1270 Words   |  6 Pages1. Why should one study operations management? Operations Management is the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs. †¢ Operations Management is one of the three major functions of any organization, and it is generally related to all the other business functions. All organizations market (sell), finance (account), and produce (operate), and it is important to know how the Operations Management activity functions. Therefore, we studyRead MoreOperations Management Schroeder Chapters 1-31594 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1 Question #2 What is the difference between the terms production management and operations management? Production management deals primarily with the manufacture of goods, whereas operations management encompasses the production of not only goods, but services as well. Question #3 How does the function of an operations manager differ from the function of a marketing manager or a finance manager? The operations managers function is to create the supply of goods, whereas the marketingRead MorePrinciples of Operations Management Chapter 1-2-32543 Words   |  11 PagesLearning Log 1 – Chapters 1-2-3: Chapter 1 I was very excited about the first session of the OM course and that was totally justified by the end of this session. This was the step, a stimulus towards being a future Business person. And for which it was very vital for me to know how a business organization manages the various processes associated with its goods and services. As a future Operation Manager it’s my responsibility to be cognizant about the know-how of what exactly my roles would thenRead MoreOperation Managenent1504 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1 – Introduction to Operations Management After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define the term operations management. 2. Identify the three major functional areas of organizations and describe how they interrelate. 3. Identify similarities and differences between production and service operations. 4. Describe the operations function and the nature of the operations managers job. 5. Summarize the two major aspects of process management. 6. Explain the key aspects of operationsRead MorePrinciples of Management Applied Research1041 Words   |  5 PagesPrinciples of management APPLIED RESEARCH USbank Will Cheeseman Professor Ana  Preston Park University Internet Campus A course paper presented to the School for Arts and Sciences and Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Computer Information Systems Principles of Management Park University July, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Read MoreLogistics: Management and Supply Chain1566 Words   |  7 PagesMinor Logistics Operations Presentatie titel MIRBSLM114OP N.J. Osentoski-Monsma A. Nielsen-de Vries Lecturers Logistics Room D2.173 osenj@hr.nl / vriad@hr.nl Rotterdam, 00 januari 2007 6-1 Corporate strategy Business strategy Operations Strategy Mission Objectives (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery) Functional strategies in marketing, finance, engineering, human resources, and information systems Strategic Decisions (process, quality system, capacity, andRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle666 Words   |  3 PagesSTAGE 1 Systems Planning Stage Topic Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case Deliverable Preliminary investigation report Toolkit Support Primary tools: Communications, financial analysis, and project management tool Other tool as required. Systems Planning is the first of five stage in the systems development life cycle (SDLC). In this stage, you will learn how IT projects get started and how a system analyst evaluates a proposed project and determine its feasibility. A system analyst’sRead MoreOperational Management Jit820 Words   |  4 Pages- Prime Bank of Massachusetts Part 1 The operations function is important in implementing the strategy of an organisation because the business strategy only defines the long term plans for the company, whereas the operations function focuses on specific competitive priorities in order to meet the organisations long term plan. Prime Bank of Massachusetts had decided on a long term plan for the bank focusing on customer services and they needed the operations function to implement this long termRead MoreOperations Management1693 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Page 2 1. Acme Whistles case study What is the overlap between operations, marketing and product/service development at Acme Whistles? Page 3 2. Oxfam International case study What are the main issues facing Oxfam’s operations managers? Page 4 3. Formule 1 Mwagusi Safari Lodge 3.1 For each hotel, what is the role of technology and the role of operations Page 6 staff in delivering an appropriateRead MoreFinancial Management Practices798 Words   |  4 PagesA STUDY ON WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN SMES A SYNOPSIS of the PROJECT Submitted to BANGALORE UNIVERSITY For the award of the Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUBMITTED BY Mr. PUROHIT PIYUSHKUMAR N. (08CQCM6068) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MRS. KIRAN HIREMATH. Dayananda Sagar College of Management and Information Technology Shavige Malleshwara Hills, K.S. layout, Layout, Bangalore – 560078

Psychology As Storytelling Essay - 1987 Words

lt;a href=quot;http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/quot;gt;Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Storytelling has been with us since the days of campfire and besieging wild animals. It served a number of important functions: amelioration of fears, communication of vital information (regarding survival tactics and the characteristics of animals, for instance), the satisfaction of a sense of order (justice), the development of the ability to hypothesize, predict and introduce theories and so on. We are all endowed with a sense of wonder. The world around us in inexplicable, baffling in its diversity and myriad forms. We experience an urge to organize it, to quot;explain the wonder awayquot;, to†¦show more content†¦Though his disciples (Adler, Horney, the object-relations lot) diverged wildly from his initial theories - they all shared his belief in the need to quot;scientifyquot; and objectify psychology. Freud - a medical doctor by profession (Neurologist) and Bleuler before him - came with a theory regarding the structure of the mind and its mechanics: (suppressed) energies and (reactive) forces. Flow charts were provided together with a method of analysis, a mathematical physics of the mind. But this was a mirage. An essential part was missing: the ability to test the hypotheses, which derived from these quot;theoriesquot;. They were all very convincing, though, and, surprisingly, had great explanatory power. But - non-verifiable and non-falsifiable as they were - they could not be deemed to possess the redeeming features of a scientific theory. Psychological theories of the mind are metaphors of the mind. They are fables and myths, narratives, stories, hypotheses, conjunctures. They play (exceedingly) important roles in the psychotherapeutic setting - but not in the laboratory. Their form is artistic, not rigorous, not testable, less structured than theories in the natural sciences. The language used is polyvalent, rich, effusive, and fuzzy - in short, metaphorical. They are suffused with value judgements, preferences, fears, post facto and ad hoc constructions. None of this has methodological, systematic,Show MoreRelatedAlice Munros an Ounce of Cure1548 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary analyses and studies make the link between literary techniques such as narrative and storytelling and several other disciplines. Thus, one may find the theories of narrative and storytelling extending up to several major disciplines, such as philosophy, psychology, and literary criticism. In the view of different experts in literary analyses, there is a close connection between narrative or storytelling and the definition of the nature of self and personal identity. The former has been understoodRead MoreThe Point Of Theatre And Motion Picture Technology1581 Words   |  7 Pagespublished in the Times of London, is central to the connection between theatre and motion picture technology. Since the rise of film in the early twentieth century, these elements have been influencing each other, and working together, to elevate the storytelling and experience of each medium and, in turn, better connecting them to the modern audience. The collaboration of these two mediums has resulted in a new form of theatre, known as digital theatre, that shows â€Å"theatrical entertainment does not haveRead MoreAn Analysis of Seinfeld1508 Words   |  6 PagesSeinfeld Examine the use of stereotypes in the representation of gender, race, and class. Investigate the way social situation is depicted? Describe how the psychology of the characters is simplified or exaggerated and why? Choose the object of analysis In Seinfeld stereotypes are used to show the reflections of different classes of people. For women, this is demonstrated through the various girlfriends that Jerry has and how he is easily able to have a sexual relationship with them. To expandRead MoreInterpretation in The Deaf Community Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagestwo parties† (Brunson and Lawrence, 2002). This method establishes boundaries and a balance for the triad to be successful. Interpreters offer insight into the world of Deaf. Tools, such as the use of storytelling through visual and action metaphors is a way to move the process along as â€Å"storytelling is a central value in Deaf culture, and it is perhaps the most popular form of signed entertainment† (Williams and Abeles, 2004). In a book review written by Martha Sheridan, she stated, â€Å"talk andRead MoreCoping With Fear in Life of Pi Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesdarkest points in his life, he is still able to somehow remain both faithful and hopeful. Pi clings to his religious faith as a way of coping with his fears as opposed to acknowledging conventional methods. He is able to do so through praying, storytelling and various interpretations. Fear takes a lot out of an individual as it can be the very substance that destroys them. As the Japanese proverb goes, â€Å"fear is only as deep as the mind allows.† That being said, fear is not as easy to let go of, asRead MoreChapter Analysis: Anxiety Disorders From Understanding Abnormal Child Psychology by Mash and Wolfe693 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 7 Anxiety Disorders Mash and Wolfe (2012),Understanding Abnormal Child Psychology 5th edition Most of this chapter is explanatory in nature and there is no controversial information related to anxiety disorders in children. Mash Wolfe (2012) define anxiety as a strong negative emotion, but note that some anxiety is an adaptive response to genuine environmental threats. Anxiety becomes problematic when it arises for no reason or out of proportion to the perceived threat. Children whoRead MoreThematic Apperception Test Personality Assessment1715 Words   |  7 PagesPark University Test and Measurement September 2010 Abstract The history of the Thematic Apperception Test is controversial. This test was published in 1943 and is still widely used today. Being able to look at a photo card as a stimulus for storytelling was a breakthrough for personality testing. This test has its share of controversy as far as reliability, validity and cultural implications. Key words; thematic, validity, reliability, personality. Thematic Apperception Test for PersonalityRead MoreMarketing Analysis : The Economic Base Over The Past Fifty Years1593 Words   |  7 Pagesmenu to novelty prize giveaways. Storytelling forms another prominent tactic that managers could adopt. It has the power of changing consumer perceptions of a brand, enabling consumers to think beyond the functionality and material rewards of products and rather it encourages consumers to share rewards in terms of experiences (Papadatos C, 2006). Individuals think narratively, hence storytelling is fundamental in attaining a deep understanding of consumer psychology ( Escalas Stern, 2003; Holt,Read MoreThe Nature Of Identity Is Attributed By The Environment That Influences The Experiences That The Individual Intakes1464 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluences the experiences that the individual intakes. Self is the fundamental being that separates individuals due to the uniqueness of their minds and the experiences that influence the distinctiveness of identity. Martha Stout’s background in psychology initializes a deeper understanding of self through the analysis of stories told by her patients who suffer from di ssociation in her writing called â€Å"When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday†. Her examination of her patient’s stories helped broadenRead MoreEveryone’S Had Their Own Go At How Labour And The Greens1458 Words   |  6 Pageswould find hard to recover from for many, many years. And winning will not be determined on whether we are â€Å"more left† or â€Å"more centre†. For four straight election cycles, Labour has ignored research from the fields of cognitive linguistics and psychology that the most effective way to communicate with other humans is by telling emotional stories. Instead, we have focussed on policy content and the cumbersome, awkward and broken relationship between what policies parties have and their attractiveness

Robert E Lee Essay Example For Students

Robert E Lee Essay Robert E LeeRobert Edward Lee was born on January 19th, 1807 in Stratford, Virginia. Roberts father was thrown in debtors jail many times for not paying on time. He was introduced to war early in his life; his brother Sydney had shown him a cannon ball and told him about the revolution. Mrs. Lees stepson was old enough to claim the mansion where they lived that his dead mother had gave to him in his will. The Lees left to live in Alexandria. Lee was brought up in a Christian family. When Lee was 18, he went to West Point. There were only 6,000 other men in the entire army. Later that year, Lee said goodbye to his mother and took a stagecoach from Virginia to New York. At the end of his first year at West Point, he was appointed Staff Sergeant. When he was twenty-two, he took his money that he earned; $103.58 in cash and he started a home. On July 26, 1829, Lees mother died. Robert was at her bed when she died. Then on June 30, 1831 Lee married Mary Curtis. On September 16, 1832, Mary gave birth to George Washington Curtis Lee. Then in 1835 they had their second child, Mary Curtis. Mrs. Lee was put on bed-rest for many months due to illness. They had five more children: William Henry Fitzgerald, Annie, Agnes, Robert and last Mildred. When he was home, they all attended episcopal Church where he was raised. On May 13, 1846 the United States declared was on their southern neighbor. When Lee was 39, he headed for Mexico. Lees will said that he was worth about $38,750 with few depts. He only had few slaves: Nancy and her children. And they were to be freed soon as it can be done to their advantage and that of others. On Christmas, Lee wrote to his wife that he hoped this woul.d be the last time he would be away from her. While they were at war, even though is was hard, he attended church. He returned on June 29, 1843. On September 1, 1852 he was appointed to superintenent of the military acadamy where he had graduated. In 1853, a distressing message reached Lee: Mrs. Curtis had died unexpectedly. The death made him do something he had never thought of doing. He wanted to be confined to the church. It was gunners at Charlestown Harbor who forced Robert E. Lee to make the tough decisions in his life. On April 12, the United States, as the union fired upon by Confederate gunners. The civil war began with the first cannon roar at Fort Sumpter. The north had more of an advantage because they have all of the military supplies and factories. The south was a land of farmers without military supplies and hardly any money to buy them. Then one day when Lee was in hid hotel, he had a visitor. He read a report of the supplies coming into Richmond. 60,00 small arms, and 54,00 flintlocks. I July 21, 1861 they received a telegram that the south had won the first major battle of the Civil War. One evening Lee looked up to see a soldier salute. Major Rooney Lee was fired upon by Union pickets, Sir, near Cheat Mountain. His companion, Colonel Washington, died instantly. Union pickets put three Minie ball through his body. Then Lees face lost its color. Your sons mount was shot from under him. Major Lee escaped on Washingtons horse, sir. Lee sighed in relief. Washingtons death hit Lee. He was a good friend of the family. Lee had been involved in the war for the whole time that it was going on. He had many battles, and he was fighting ver y bravely and strong until the war ended. He lived a happy life after the war was over.

Richard The III an Example of the Topic All Posts by

Richard The III This paper will address the difference between the true identity of Richard the III, king of England during 1483-85, and the character of Richard the III in William Shakespeares play, Richard III. It has been a long held assertion that the real man was not quite as dastardly a person as Shakespeare portrayed him to be. His infamy is not as well addressed as many of Englands more well-known kings, though his demise did bring the Tudor family into rule which is a much documented time of history in English royalty. Need essay sample on "Richard The III" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Richard was born as the second son so his brother, Edward ascended to the English throne in 1461 and was crowned king as Edward IV. At Edwards coronation, Richard became the Duke of Gloucester. He was a loyal subject to his brother, gaining the royal courts favor and the respect of the people with his valiant fighting at several battles and also leading the invasion of Scotland. He served his brother well until Edward IV died in 1483 and his twelve year old son, Edward V, was proclaimed King. When Richard won guardianship of his royal nephews over the Queen Mother, it was the beginning of his decline in morality. He desired the throne himself and became obsessed with the idea of acquiring it by whatever means it took. There is not a great deal of recorded history that is favorable to Richard after that point but his rise to power and his short reign are noteworthy on many historical accounts. Richards life is embroiled with political unrest, deception and murder. Shakespeares writings of him as only set the stage for that belief and it alone has remained more than the truth of a mans life. Richard succeeded in acquiring the guardianship of Edward V and his younger brother with the aid of Henry Stafford, second duke of Buckingham, over the family of Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of Edward IV. It was done so efficiently that Richard managed to have Parliament declare his late brothers children as illegitimate and entrapped both boys in the Tower of London. There the princes met an untimely fate of death. Richard has been accredited with this heinous act but there is no solid proof to support it. Several historical records have indicated other persons to manipulating the death of the boys for advantageous reasons of their own. As the natural remaining bloodline heir to the throne, Richard claimed the throne in July of 1483. With this occurrence, it became clear to many of the total focal point of Richards actions since his brothers demise. To say that it was well received by the royal court and the people would be an understatement. Stafford, once a loyal supporter of Richard, led a revolt against the new King and his avocation was for Henry Tudor (a member of the Lancaster family). This event started in October of 1483. This was just part of the infamous rivalry between the Lancaster family and the York family of which Richard was the reigning member. It was called the War of The Roses since the York family had a white rose and the Lancaster family had a red rose as part of the family crests. Both houses had the sufficient royal bloodlines to take the throne of England and the incensed emotions of the royal court over the deaths of the sons of Edward IV found favor in Henry Tudor. Yet, Richard was not to be so easily disposed of. He was king and also the duke of York and he made quick actions to have the rebellion squashed by the execution of Stafford, duke of Buckingham. The War of The Roses had a long, interlinked history with the Hundred Years War, a war between England and France dating from 1339 and 1453, which left both England and France in a devastated state. Though the Hundred Year War ended before the crowning of Edward IV, the strife between the Lancaster family (now no longer with benefit of worthy male heirs except through the Tudor branch) and the York family continued causing England to maintain a civil unrest within its own land borders. Richard IIIs father, Richard, Duke of York, had fought against the lack of sufficient armed support for the Hundred Years War by the reigning Lancaster king, Henry VI. His opposition to the fumbling by the Lancaster king gained support and eventually, Henry VI was overthrown and the York family came into power. Richard, the Duke of York, did not live to acquire the throne but his son, Edward IV was crowned king. The York familys rule was brief with the life of Edward IV ending and his brother, Richard III, only maintaining rule for two years which ended with Richards death in the Battle of Bosworth Field where Richards armies were defeated by Henry Tudors armies and Richard was killed. Henry Tudor claimed the throne and became Henry VII. It ended the War of the Roses. Richard III, born in 1452, had shown great promise as a leader and organizer at an early age as he was made commissioner of western and southwestern counties which included Cornwall. He was a mere twelve years of age. This had overridden the appointments of the Lancaster family in Wales. He had also been given by the king the county, honor and lordship of Pembroke and Richmond as well just two years previously. The true stinging insult came when the king in 1464 gave Richard the estates of Lord Hungerford, a member of the Lancaster family. It was clearly evident that Richard was much favored by his brother, King Edward IV. When Edward married into the Woodville family, Richard was torn between the idea of loyalty to his brother or following the interesting course of his tutor, the then Earl of Warwick. He chose to leave his birth home of Middleham Castle, and join his brothers court where the influence of the Queen and her five brothers was becoming increasingly strong. Richard was still a very young prince and not beset yet by any ideas of changing the flow of life as his brother had it set. Richard proved his strong loyalty to Edward when he was taken prisoner due to rebellion held against Edward by Warwick and another noble, Clarence began to try and re-instate Henry as the ruling monarch. Warwicks lure to his young pupil had no effect against the duty-bound Richard felt to Edward IV. He, along with another loyal court member, Hastings, went forward to secure rescue forces to battle the Lancaster armies to secure the release of Edward after his capture at Olney in 1469. They were successful and both brothers returned triumphant once again. The Yorkist influence remained the ruling factor in England. During Edwards reign, Richard showed no animosity towards his sister-in-law, Elizabeth Woodville or her family members. He seemed content to be his brothers right hand and strongest supporter. Though he did show support for the Countess of Warwick, against his brothers wishes, his allegiance remained for the most part unquestioned. He also pleaded the release of Archbishop George Neville. He later took into his charge the son of an enemy and when he bestowed an annuity upon the earl of Oxfords wife, a sister of Warwick, he proved his ability of fairness. When the dispute was settled with Clarence over the estates of Warwick, Richard was granted the ownership of Middleham Castle, Sheriff Hutton and all other lands belonging to Warwick. He was now a very wealthy and powerful force with Edwards court, without even reference to his status as a prince. Richard also maintained strong ties with the City of York while actively participating in many of the citys affairs which worked to his advantage when he appealed to them for assistance in his needs for defense troops after he had procured his position of Protector of Edward IVs sons. Richard, known formally as the duke of Gloucester, was falsely accused by Shakespeare of manipulating the death of Clarence. It was not true according to historical documentation written by Sir Thomas Moore at the time of Richard III. Edward IV absolved Richard of any part of Clarences assassination. It is an acknowledged fact that during his brothers lifetime and reign, Richard behaved properly and loyally. This loyalty made his acquisition of the custody of his nephews a fairly easy feat because it would be considered that Richard would be more for the benefactor for the princes over the political ambitions of their maternal family links to the Woodvilles. Richards religious linking with Barnard Castle that had direct contact with the York family, beginning with Richard of York, Richard IIIs father. This college consisted of one dean, twelve chaplains, ten clerks and six choristers that were assigned to perform services for the good of the king and queen. A smaller scale of this was set up at Middleham Castle to insure that the current York monarchy was beneficial of the religious sector. This was set up while Clarence was still alive and when Richard used the arrangement at Middleham Castle, it was before Clarence did but also in anticipation of his death. The various levels of nobility within a royal court and a country is complex and one nobleman can possess ownership or claim of many vital properties, including the ability to overthrow another lordship without too much obvious conflict. Clarence may have been indisposed by Richard but little proof points to Richards participation in Clarences demise. Shakespeare and others as well took a long length of poetic license when it comes to the true history of Richard III. While Richard was undoubtedly an ambitious man and after his brothers death, a man who laid aside morality and family loyalty to achieve his own desires for the throne, no true evidence can be attributed to him as the cause of the death of his nephews or other despicable actions that stated as fact in Shakespeares play. Now, to consider the Richard III of William Shakespeares played in the following text of this paper. William Shakespeare, a renowned playwright of his time and considered perhaps the foremost playwright of all English literature, did as most writers of fiction, somewhat based on fact, will and took generous liberty with the truth about Richard The III, King of England in the fifteenth century. As Richard III is a drama and written in the sixteenth century for the citizens of England, Shakespeare wrote this play decades after the death of self-imposed king and the knowledge of Richard III was limited to speculation rather than fact. Shakespeare wrote what he felt would appeal to the masses and in truth he did write a world acclaimed classic. More than one famous actor has added to his resume the role of Richard as the immoral and greedy brother to a deceased king who sought the throne of England for himself in lieu of his nephew, Edward V taking his rightful place as the king. To present Richard as this ambitious and unconscionable man, Shakespeare depicted him as he was chosen to be seen by factions within royalty that had no love of the York family and their claim to the throne. Richard was portrayed as a true villain in all aspects which sadly deviated from the actual true history. In any written work meant for entertainment rather than educational purposes, cause and effect are high assets to the success of that work, whether as book, poetry or play. There was definitely less screening in Shakespeares day of what truth was and what fiction was. Critics could be biased but did little to lessen the popularity of such works as Shakespeares. The people wanted to entertained, to root for the hero, and to boo the villain, which in this case the characters were based on real people. Also in the sixteenth century, there was little documentation made readily available to such people as William Shakespeare to otherwise discourage such a misstatement of history. The true knowledge of the murders of Edward V and his brother were never really affirmed, though two hundred years later, the skeletons of two young male children were discovered in the Tower of London and it was decided at the time they were the remains of the two imprisoned princes. In todays modern technology, DNA could have confirmed the true identities of the bodies but even supposed fact was better than just rumored heresy. Just as it was impossible to totally prove that the boys had been murdered, it was also just as improbable to prove or disprove that Richard III was the one who ordered the execution of his nephews. Today when any type of writing or photographed material is presented as a true and factual account of a real event or persons life, there are standards that are necessary to be met to allow that work to be published. It is Mankinds renaissance from speculation to unbiased truth. Not everything adheres to those standards but it does not allow as much poetic license as Shakespeare was able to use to create a stimulating and interesting play about Richard III. Centuries have gone by since the lifetime of Richard, duke of Gloucester, and later, King Richard III of England and also since the writing and production of William Shakespeares Richard III. The play has been classified as among the works of the worlds greatest playwright himself. Not one line has been changed nor one untruth rectified but the play is performed in theatre and movies exactly as it were written. Several books and articles have been written over the years that disclaimed the character of Richard III as actually accurate but it has only mostly enlightened the readers and had no negative effect on the play itself. To most people, Richards greed and ambition to be King has obliterated his better character. Is this a disservice to the memory of Richard III? It really all matters from the personal point of view of the person who reads of the discrepancies in Shakespeares play and has reason to educate themselves to the real history of Richard III. Richard, duke of Gloucester, was a man of his time and his circumstances. No decision or action of anyone is based solely on him alone but has to have considerations of events, people and the position that they find themselves in their lives. Richard was a royal prince who had the misfortune of being born the second son and since his elder brother produced two male heirs, Richards chances of ever sitting on the throne were none. His only possibility was to usurp it and being just that ambitious, he did. History has recorded his loyalty to his brother but the assumption that loyalty would pass over to his nephews was wrong. He acquired the throne wrong but how wrong? If viewed as Shakespeare wrote him, then he was villainous through and through but history says different. Reference: Richards Himself Again: A Stage History of Richard III, Book by Scott Colley: Greenwood Press, 1992 The Fifteenth Century by E.F. Jacob, Clarendon Press, 1976 Richard III, Encyclopedia Article, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2004 Roses, The War of, Encyclopedia Article, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2004